Journal of Future is a scientific, electronic, multidisciplinary journal established by LLC "Uranium Publishing" in Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan. The journal was founded on December 2, 2024, and officially registered on March 25, 2025, receiving the "Certificate of Registration of Mass Media" under No. 682701 from the Agency for the Development of Civil Service under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. ISSN: 3093-8899
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF OXYGENATE COMPONENTS OF MOTOR FUELS FROM LIGHT GAS CONDENSATE FRACTIONS
The article considers modern scientific and technological approaches to the production and application of oxygenate components of motor fuels based on light gas condensate fractions. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to expand the feedstock base for environmentally improved gasoline compositions, reduce dependence on traditional high-octane components, and ensure more rational use of local hydrocarbon resources of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of processing the 353–448 K fraction of Shurtan gas condensate by mild catalytic oxidation using MnO₂ and H₃BO₃ oxide catalysts. The methodological basis of the study includes the generalization of data on feedstock hydrodesulfurization, catalytic oxidation of a vapor–air mixture, determination of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and acid numbers, calculation of octane characteristics by the molecular refraction method, and assessment of the influence of the oxygenate component on the operational and environmental properties of gasoline compositions. It is shown that, after hydrodesulfurization, Shurtan gas condensate contains 43.2 wt.% paraffinic and 22.6 wt.% aromatic hydrocarbons, which creates favorable conditions for the directed formation of oxygen-containing compounds. The most effective catalyst is MnO₂: at T = 393 K, P = 0.1 MPa, τ = 3.5 s, and K = 0.35, the yield of oxygen-containing compounds reaches 18–21 wt.%, the total functional number is 247, and the calculated octane number of the oxidate is in the range of 78–82 units. The introduction of 15 vol.% oxygenate gasoline into the base gasoline fraction increases the calculated octane number of the mixture to 82–85 units and may reduce calculated CO emissions by 12–16%. The obtained results confirm the prospects of catalytic oxidation of light gas condensate fractions as a local and technologically accessible route for producing oxygenate components of motor fuels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Фотима Озодова, Миржалол Абдубаннобов, Мавлуда Мирзаахмедова, Шерзод Менглиев, Наргиса Игамкулова, Шухраткодир Гуломов (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE REGENERATION METHODS FOR SORBENTS USED IN GAS PURIFICATION FROM HARMFUL COMPOUNDS
This paper analyses regeneration methods for sorbents and absorbents used in industrial gas purification from harmful compounds, including H₂S, CO₂, SOx, NOx, volatile organic compounds, and moisture. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the efficiency of gas purification units depends not only on the initial sorption capacity of a material but also on the preservation of this capacity during repeated sorption-regeneration cycles. Thermal desorption, steam stripping, vacuum regeneration, chemical washing, reactivation, and electro-/microwave heating are compared. The selection criteria include capacity recovery, specific energy demand, resistance to degradation, corrosion risk, environmental safety, and industrial feasibility. Particular attention is paid to amine gas treating data for the Shurtan Gas Chemical Complex. An increase in CO₂ concentration in feed gas from 2.31 to 3.37 mol.% results in residual CO₂ of 75-100 ppm in treated gas, whereas the design limit is not more than 10 ppm. The analysis shows that replacing 30% DEA with 40% MDEA can reduce steam consumption for regeneration from 64.0 to 52.3 t/h, ensure residual H₂S below 5 ppm and CO₂ below 10 ppm, and improve process stability without replacing the main equipment. The practical significance of the work is the proposed decision-making algorithm for selecting sorbent regeneration methods in gas purification systems of the oil, gas, and gas-chemical industries of Uzbekistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Зафар Баходиров, Миржалол Абдубаннобов, Мавлуда Мирзаахмедова, Шерзод Менглиев, Наргиса Игамкулова, Шухраткодир Гуломов (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EX-SOLVED NI-CO BIMETALLIC NANOCATALYSTS FROM PEROVSKITE PRECURSORS FOR STEAM METHANE REFORMING: MECHANISMS OF HIGH RESISTANCE TO COKING AND SINTERING
The deactivation of conventional nickel-based catalysts via thermal sintering and carbon deposition remains a fundamental challenge in steam methane reforming. To address this, we report the rational design of a highly active and exceptionally robust ex-solved bimetallic catalyst supported on a defective perovskite oxide, . Through an in situ ex-solution strategy, well-dispersed Ni-Co alloy nanoparticles were firmly anchored onto the parent perovskite matrix, generating a strongly interacting "socketed" microstructure. The catalyst exhibited superior Steam methane reforming performance, achieving a maximum CH4 conversion of 92.5% at 850 °C under atmospheric pressure. Notably, the catalyst demonstrated outstanding long-term structural and operational stability, sustaining a constant CH4 conversion rate with negligible degradation during a continuous 100-h time-on-stream test at 800 °C. Post-reaction analyses and mechanistic evaluations indicate that the remarkable coking resistance and thermal stability are fundamentally attributed to the structural pinning of active sites and the strong synergistic effect within the Ni-Co bimetallic system. "The developed NiCo@STNC system exhibits significantly enhanced stability and resistance to carbon deposition, addressing the rapid deactivation commonly observed in conventional supported Ni catalysts". The novelty of this work lies in elucidating the anti-coking mechanism of Ni–Co exsolved nanoparticles under steam-rich SMR conditions. Furthermore, the enhanced lattice oxygen mobility provided by the defective perovskite support collaboratively promotes the rapid gasification of carbonaceous intermediates. This work establishes a highly effective design paradigm for developing advanced, coke-resistant bimetallic catalysts for demanding high-temperature reforming applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sherzod Omonov, Shuhratqodir G'ulomov, Iskandar O'rinbadalov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REGENERATION OF SOLID CATALYSTS: EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF SYSTEMIC THERMAL RECOVERY BASED ON STRUCTURAL-ACTIVITY CRITERIA
This article evaluates the response of a Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 type solid catalyst used in industrial hydrotreating processes to various thermal regeneration conditions using structural-activity criteria. The new catalyst (AKM-Y), the used catalyst (AKM-I), and the BET samples regenerated at 300, 450 and 600°C were compared in terms of surface area, pore volume, residual coke, mechanical strength, and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity. It was shown that the accumulation of coke in the used catalyst up to 10.8% by mass reduces the surface area of BET from 238 to 104 m2/g, and the activity of HDS from 97.5 to 43.0%. Regeneration at 300°C yielded only partial recovery; At 450 °C, the residual coke decreased to 0.9 wt.%, the BET surface area reached 211 m2/g, and the HDS activity reached 82.0%. Although residual coke decreased to 0.3 wt.% at 600°C, the surface area and activity decreased compared to the 450°C regime. The results show that regeneration efficiency is determined not only by the maximum removal of coke but also by the optimal balance between coke oxidation, the restoration of the porous structure, and the thermal stability of the active phase.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jasurbek Ergashev, Diyora Umarova, Shuxratqodir G‘ulomov, Go‘zal Yusupova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ZEOLITE AND HYDROGEN-PERMUTITE WITH MAININDICATORS
Scientific research is being conducted worldwide to purify process and wastewater generated by industrial enterprises to meet established requirements for reuse as circulating process water, to develop low-waste or waste-free technologies, and to comprehensively recycle solid and liquid waste generated during enterprise activities. In this regard, special attention is paid to purifying domestic, process, and industrial wastewater contaminated with various additives to meet established requirements and to use them as circulating water in the process or for watering trees and plants on the enterprise's territory. The scientific significance of the research results is that the effective course of the synthesis process for obtaining H-permutite depends on the type and ratio of components, and the efficiency of wastewater treatment is closely related to the degree of contamination and the environmental pH. The article presents general information on theoretical and practical research regarding methods and technologies for treating industrial, technical, and wastewater, based on published articles and patent literature. Based on the issues raised and a critical analysis of the data obtained, the article defines the research goals and objectives. Currently, there are both natural and artificial zeolites. In this scientific work, an alternative to zeolite, H-permutite, was synthesized from natural raw materials. In this article, the study of the structural properties of the molecular compounds of the samples was conducted on a Nicolet iS50 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) FT-IR spectrometer. Measurements were carried out in the spectral range of 4000–400 cm–1, with a spectral resolution of no more than 0.1 cm–1. The test sample was pressed onto the surface of the mounted assembly with a flat-tip probe.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sherzodbek Berdiev, Mirolim Aripov, Jamshid Kayumov, Furqat Erkabaev (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Co–Mo/Al₂O₃ and Ni–Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts on hydrodesulfurization efficiency and liquid fraction yield during hydrotreating of cracking distillates
The article analyzes the effect of i ndustrial hydrotreating catalysts of Co–Mo/Al2O3 and Ni–Mo/Al2O3 types on hydrodesulfurization efficiency, liquid fraction yield, and the optimal temperature range during the hydrotreating of cracking distillates. Cracking distillates, particularly light cycle oil obtained from the fluid catalytic cracking process, are characterized by high aromaticity and elevated contents of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. In deep hydrotreating of such feedstocks, the catalyst active sulfide phase, hydrogen pressure, temperature, liquid hourly space velocity, and H2/feed ratio play a decisive role. The analysis shows that increasing the temperature from 280 °C to 400 °C raises the hydrodesulfurization level from 45.2 % to 99.5 %, while the liquid fraction yield decreases from 98.5 % to 91.2 %. Since evaluating the process solely based on hydrodesulfurization is insufficient, a technological efficiency coefficient expressed as Keff=ηS×Yliq/100 is proposed. The calculations indicate that the temperature range of 360–370 °C is optimal in terms of achieving high hydrodesulfurization, maintaining liquid fraction yield, and limiting hydrocracking reactions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shuxratqodir G‘ulomov, Go‘zal Yusupova, Shaxnoza Shonazarova, Diyora Djulanova, Ra’no Sultonqulova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROCARBON LIQUID BY-PRODUCT FROM POLYETHYLENE WAX PRODUCTION: GC–MS COMPOSITION AND FUEL PROPERTY EVALUATION
The increasing production of polyethylene wax through thermal degradation of high-molecular-weight polyethylene generates a liquid hydrocarbon fraction as a by-product, the composition and potential utilization of which remain insufficiently studied. In the present work, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of this liquid fraction were comprehensively investigated in order to evaluate its potential industrial applications. The sample was obtained during the thermal cracking of polyethylene and subsequently fractionated by atmospheric distillation up to 220 °C. Molecular composition was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while fuel-related properties were evaluated through measurements of octane number, cetane number, and low-temperature characteristics according to relevant ASTM methods. GC–MS analysis revealed that the liquid fraction is predominantly composed of paraffinic hydrocarbons in the carbon number range C8–C26, with the major contribution originating from C10–C16 compounds. Linear alkanes were identified as the dominant components, accompanied by smaller amounts of branched alkanes and minor quantities of olefins formed during polyethylene chain scission. The obtained hydrocarbon distribution indicates that the investigated product belongs to the middle-distillate range typically associated with kerosene–diesel type fuels. Fuel property analysis showed that the liquid exhibits a cetane number of approximately 42, confirming its favorable ignition characteristics for compression ignition engines. Low-temperature measurements indicated a cloud point of −16 °C and a pour point of −27 °C, which are typical for paraffin-rich hydrocarbon mixtures. The results suggest that the investigated liquid fraction cannot be directly classified as a standard commercial fuel but may serve as a promising blending component for kerosene and diesel fuels after appropriate upgrading and purification. In addition to fuel applications, several alternative utilization pathways were identified, including use as an industrial solvent, feedstock for further cracking or pyrolysis processes, raw material for paraffin production, precursor for surfactants and synthetic lubricants, and potential heat-transfer fluid for industrial reactors. The findings highlight the potential of polyethylene cracking liquids as valuable secondary hydrocarbon resources and contribute to the development of more efficient and circular utilization strategies for polymer-derived hydrocarbon streams.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eldor Mashayev, Akhmadali Khudoyberdiyev , Iroda Talipova, Dianna Lukasheva, Elena Mezentseva, Khusain Urakov, Mohinur Pardaeva (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY ON THE DEGRADATION OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET (UV) RADIATION
The widespread use of polyethylene terephthalate in the production of soft drinks and oil packaging results in a large amount of waste accumulating in landfills. In landfills, waste is exposed to sunlight, heat, and various aggressive environments. The most harmful of these in Central Asian conditions is high solar radiation, which promotes photo- and photo-oxidative degradation. This study evaluates how intense Central Asian ultraviolet (UV) radiation affects secondary PET (SPET). Post-consumer PET sheets were exposed up to half a year of natural sunlight and accelerated ultraviolet radiation. The structure and thermochemical analysis of PET samples were studied. The most resistant to photooxidative degradation was undyed (transparent) RPET. Over half a year, its average molecular weight decreased by 8.8%. It was also found that the degradation rate of RPET containing pigments of other colors also decreased. The data presented show that the highest degradation rate during this aging period was observed in RPET used for the production of brown bottles - 36%. Apparently, the depth of degradation is also affected by the initial molecular weight of RPET. In addition, the presence of dyes in RPET cannot be ruled out. The dark brown pigment contributes to the complete absorption of ultraviolet rays, which leads to a deeper destruction (36%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Future https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME FIVE-MEMBERED BIAZOCYCLIC DERIVATIVES
During the research, the optimal conditions for the synthesis of 2-hexadecyl-2-imidozoline C20H40N2, 2-octadecyl-2-imidozoline C21H40N2, and 2-octadecyl-2-imidozoline C21H38N2 from the three-acid fraction (TAF) obtained by adsorption of wood chips and extraction in isopropyl alcohol were determined. 98% ethylenediamine was used for the synthesis. TAF is a mixture of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, present in a ratio of 30.3+22.7+42.3% by mass, respectively.
IDENTIFICATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCERS OF THE ENZYME TANNASE
The aim of this study is to isolate and identify microorganisms from pomegranate peel and to evaluate their enzymatic activity, particularly tannase production, for potential applications in biotechnology and food industry. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including polyphenols, organic acids, and tannins. The pomegranate peel, as a by-product of processing, is of interest for microbiological studies. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from pomegranate peel and to investigate their enzymatic activity and biological potential. This research focused on identifying potential microbial producers of the enzyme tannase and characterizing them using modern molecular and biochemical methods. The results obtained using MALDI-TOF MS technology demonstrated that fungi such as Aspergillus oryzea and Talaromyces albobiverticillius are the primary producers with high enzymatic activity. The obtained scores (Aspergillus oryzea – 1.77; Talaromyces albobiverticillius – 2.33) confirmed the reliability of the identification. Therefore, the results of this study are of significant importance for the selection of effective strains in the biotechnological production of tannase.
USE OF PECTIN PRESERVATIVES IN BAKERY PRODUCTS
This study investigated the effect of pectin preservative concentrates obtained from local fruit waste (apples and tangerines) on the quality and shelf life of bakery products. Pectin was extracted by acid hydrolysis (pH 3.5; 75–80°C; 180 min) and added to the dough in an amount of 0–1.5%. Samples were evaluated for moisture, softness index, and structural properties for 0–72 h. Experiments were repeated three times (n = 3) and results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that differences were significant at the p < 0.05 level. The results showed that the addition of pectin increased the moisture retention capacity of bread and slowed down the process of staleness. After 72 hours, the moisture loss in the control sample was 6.8%, while in the sample with the addition of 1.0% pectin, this indicator decreased to 4.1%. The softness index increased from 0.62 to 0.78, but structural densification was observed when 1.5% pectin was added. The scientific novelty of the study is the extraction of pectin from local fruit waste and the scientific justification of its optimal amount (1.0%). The results are important for the production of functional bakery products and the development of the “waste-to-value” approach.
THERMAL-OXIDATIVE PYROLYSIS OF WASTE TIRES: PRODUCT CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY AND BITUMEN MODIFICATION
This study investigates the thermal-oxidative pyrolysis of waste automobile tires as a route for converting secondary raw materials into valuable products. The process was carried out at 550 °C in a batch reactor, yielding gas, liquid, and solid fractions. The gas phase was found to be rich in combustible components, indicating its potential for energy recovery within the process. The liquid fraction exhibited properties suitable for further refining into fuel or chemical feedstocks, while the solid residue represented a carbon-containing material with potential application as a filler in polymer systems. Thermal analysis revealed that the degradation of tire rubber proceeds in two main stages, corresponding to devulcanization and subsequent decomposition of the carbon structure. These transformations govern the formation and distribution of pyrolysis products. The results confirm that pyrolysis of waste tires is an efficient and environmentally sound approach for waste management, offering a viable pathway for resource recovery and the production of value-added materials, including modifiers for bitumen and polymer composites.
SYNTHESIS OF AN EFFECTIVE INHIBITOR OF MINERAL SCALE FORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
This study aims to address the problem of mineral salt (primarily calcium and magnesium carbonates) deposition in heat exchangers used in oil refining and production processes. The object of the study was highly mineralized and hard industrial water circulating in process heat exchange systems at oil fields and enterprises. The article describes the synthesis of a new type of inhibitor based on an aromatic compound with two amino groups, phenylenediamine C6H4N2H4, as opposed to analogs with one amino group. The synthesis process was carried out by a sulfomethylation reaction in the presence of formaldehyde and sodium hydrosulfite. The protective ability of the obtained phenylenediamine derivative C8H6N2S2O6Na2 on heat exchanger surfaces was experimentally tested. The results showed that the proposed composition effectively inhibits mineral salt deposition by 92–95% even under high thermal load conditions. The study aims to improve the efficiency of heat exchange devices and reduce energy consumption.
TAILORING ALKYL CHAIN LENGTH IN ISOQUINOLINIUM-BASED INHIBITORS: IMPACT ON ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR AND CORROSION PROTECTION IN OIL REFINING SYSTEMS
In this study, new corrosion inhibitors based on arylcarbonylmethylisoquinolinium chlorides were synthesized and evaluated for application in oil refining systems. The inhibition performance was investigated using electrochemical and gravimetric methods in model oilfield wastewater. The results revealed a strong dependence of corrosion inhibition efficiency on the alkyl chain length. The maximum efficiency (79.8%) was achieved for the compound containing 10 carbon atoms, indicating an optimal balance between hydrophobicity and solubility. Adsorption analysis showed that the inhibition process follows the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting monolayer adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The inhibition mechanism is governed by both electronic effects and molecular structure, leading to the formation of a stable protective film. The synthesized compounds demonstrate high potential as effective corrosion inhibitors for oil refining and transportation systems.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ АЛКОГОЛИЗА ВТОРИЧНОГО ПОЛИКАРБОНАТА
В данной статье представлены результаты процесса алкаголиза вторичного поликарбоната (использованные автомобильные фары, диски, полимерные крышки и т.д.) диэтиленгликолем (ДЭГ) с использованием катализатора гидроксида натрия (NaOH). Количество катализатора принималось равным 1% по отношению к вторичному поликарбонату (ВПК). Основное внимание уделялось определению основных оптимальных условий разложения вторичного поликарбоната (ВПК) до мономера бисфенола А (БФА) и образования бисфенола А (БФА). При этом изучалось влияние продолжительности алкаголиза, количества катализатора гидроксида натрия (NaOH) и диэтиленгликоля (ДЭГ) на образование мономера. Данный процесс проводился в соотношении вторичный поликарбонат (ВПК): диэтиленгликоль (ДЭГ) = 1:3 моль/ед. Продолжительность алкаголиза составляла в основном 6-10 часов, а температура 170-190 oC. Представлены основные физико-химические показатели полученного продукта.
Вторичный поликарбонат, диэтиленгликоль, гидроксид натрия, продукт алкоголиза, физико-химические параметры , ИК-спектр.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Zn-НТФ+ОЭДФ СИНТЕЗИ ВА УЛАР АСОСИДАГИ САМАРАЛИ КОРРОЗИЯ ИНГИБИТОРЛАРИ КОМПОЗИЦИЯЛАРИ
Ушбу мақолада, ОЭДФ ва НТФ рух комплексонати олиш реакциялари ўрганилиб, синтез қилинган Zn-ОЭДФ+НТФ, биринчи марта табиий газ таркибидаги нордон компонентларни тозалашда ишлатилган МДЭА абсорбенти қўшиб композициялар тайёрланган ва нефт қазиб олиш ва уни қайта ишлаш саноати қурилмаларини коррозиядан ҳимоялаш ингибиторлари сифатида фойдаланиш учун тавсия этилган.
органофосфонатлар, рух комплексонатлари, НТФ, ОДЭФ, ишлатилган метилдиэтаноламин, коррозия ингибиторлари, синергизм.
BETTA-PROPARGILOKSINAFTALINNI 2-BROM-4-NITROFENILAZID BILAN HALQALANISH REAKSIYASINI O‘RGANISH
Beta-naftolni propargil bromid bilan alkillab tegishli 2-propargiloksinaftalin sintez qilingan. 2-brom-4-nitroanilindan diazotirlab natriy azid ta’sir ettirish orqali esa 2-brom-4-nitrofenilazid olingan. Sintez qilib olingan propargil efir va aromatik azidning o‘zaro siklobirikish reaksiyasi o‘rganilgan. Halqalanish natijasida 1H-1,2,3-triazolning 1,4-izomer hosilasi – 1-(2-brom-4-nitrofenil)-4-((naftalin-2-iloksi)metil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol hosil bo‘lishi aniqlangan. Reaksiyaga katalizator, harorat va erituvchilar ta’siri o‘rganilgan. Sintez qilingan moddalarning tuzilishi IQ, YaMR spektrlari orqali tasdiqlangan.
2-propargiloksinaftalin, arilazid, terminal alkin, azid-alkin siklobirikish, dixlormetan, 1H -1,2,3-triazollar, 1-(2-brom-4-nitrofenil)-4-((naftalin-2-iloksi)metil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol.
OKSIETILIDENDIFOSFON KISLOTA ASOSIDAGI KORROZIYA INGIBITORLARINI OLISH
Ushbu maqola karbamidning glioksal bilan kondensatsiyalanish qonuniyatlarini o‘rganadi. Katalizator sifatida OEDF ishtirokida karbamidni 1,2-dikarbonil birikmasi bilan kondensatsiyalashda tetragidroimidazo-[4,5-d]-imidazoledion-2,5 asosidagi mahsulot 80 - 85% rentabellik bilan sintezlanishi ko‘rsatilgan. Olingan mahsulotlar sof shaklda va dietilamin, formaldegid, karbamid va gossipol qatroni bilan birgalikda korroziya inhibitorlari sifatida sinovdan o‘tkazildi. Kompozitsiyalar samarali korroziya inhibitorlari ekanligi va po‘latni korroziyadan 90% dan ortiq himoya qilishi aniqlandi.
karbamid, dial, OEDF, tetrahidroimidazo-[4,5-d]-imidazoledion korroziya ingibitori, himoya darajasi.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ НЕФТЯНЫХ ОТХОДОВ
В работе представлены результаты исследований по производству керамзита путем смешивания нефтешлама и бентонита. Рассмотрены различные пропорции компонентов и их влияние на свойства полученного материала. Эксперименты включали перемешивание, сушку при 100–120 °C и нагрев при 1000 °C. Установлено, что оптимальное соотношение компонентов составляет 20%-80%. Данный состав обеспечивает лучшую пластичность, отсутствие трещин и хорошие физико-механические характеристики. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для разработки технологии переработки нефтешлама в строительные материалы.
нефтешлам, керамзит, бентонит, cстроительные материалы.
МАСС-СПЕКТРОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАПР АВЛЕНИЙ ФР АГМЕНТАЦИИ N,N′ -ГЕКСАМЕТИЛЕН БИС-[(ОРТО-КРЕЗОЛИЛО)-КАРБАМАТА]
Карбаматные и бис-карбаматные соединения представляют собой важный класс органических веществ, обладающих широким спектром применения в медицине, сельском хозяйстве и промышленности. Они используются в составе лекарственных препаратов как ингибиторы холинэстеразы при терапии болезни Альцгеймера, глаукомы и миастении, а также в качестве действующих веществ пестицидов, фунгицидов и гербицидов. Кроме того, карбаматы применяются в лакокрасочной и химической промышленности в качестве исходных материалов, промежуточных соединений и растворителей. Актуальность исследований в области карбаматных соединений обусловлена их высокой биологической активностью и разнообразием практического применения, а также необходимостью подтверждения их структуры современными аналитическими методами. Целью данной работы являлось исследование структуры N,N'-гексаметилен бис-[(орто-крезолило)-карбамата] (МЭЭ-1) методом масс-спектрометрии с целью подтверждения элементного состава, молекулярной массы и особенностей фрагментации. Эксперименты проводились с использованием масс-спектрометра Agilent Technologies 6420 в условиях ионизации по методу APCI, при температуре до 500 °C и диапазоне температур 150–320 °C. В результате анализа установлено, что ионизация молекулы МЭЭ-1 сопровождается фрагментацией по трём основным направлениям. Были идентифицированы ионы с массами m/z 383 (молекулярный ион), а также характерные фрагменты с m/z 249, 234, 293, 202, 158, 114, 100, 91, 59 и др. При фрагментации выделяются такие структурные элементы, как о-метилфенильный радикал, гексаметилендиамин, карбаматная группа и молекулы диоксида углерода. Квантово-химические расчёты распределения зарядов по Малликену показали, что наибольшая электронная плотность сосредоточена в области аминогруппы карбаматной группы, что подтверждает её роль как реакционного центра. Таким образом, масс-спектрометрический анализ позволил достоверно подтвердить структуру и молекулярную массу исследуемого бис-карбамата МЭЭ-1. Полученные результаты имеют важное значение для дальнейшего изучения физико-химических и биологических свойств данного соединения. Применяемая методика может быть использована для анализа и структурной идентификации других производных карбаматов, что открывает перспективы для разработки новых фармакологически активных веществ и функциональных материалов.
Карбамат, амин, гексаметилен, диоксид углерода, фрагментация, спектр, связь, ион, молекула, атом, масса, структура.